Lesson 11 : 24.5.2010
Lens Aberration Assignment Pressentation
Todays lesson was used to give our speeches on our lens aberration assignment Elanna and Sophie were my group members and we did a short powerpoint pressentation and speech demonstrating the task and the results that we obtained.
Sunday, August 1, 2010
Lesson 10 : 17.5.2010 - Image Performance, Display and Storage
Lesson 10 : 17.5.2010
Image Performance, Display and Storage
This lesson i found to be very useful with the upcoming submissions of this semesters work. We watched a demonstration on how to display and mount our photographs.
Mounting Equipment
- Metal Ruler
- Stanley Knife (Blade must not bend)
- Matte Cutter
- Use either white or off-white no colour!
- Foamcore or window mount
- Acid free and ligment free
Cardboard Material Brands
- Novocore = Low Quality
- Alfamatte = Medium Quality
- Alfarag/Ragboard = High Quality
Image Performance, Display and Storage
This lesson i found to be very useful with the upcoming submissions of this semesters work. We watched a demonstration on how to display and mount our photographs.
Mounting Equipment
- Metal Ruler
- Stanley Knife (Blade must not bend)
- Matte Cutter
- Use either white or off-white no colour!
- Foamcore or window mount
- Acid free and ligment free
Cardboard Material Brands
- Novocore = Low Quality
- Alfamatte = Medium Quality
- Alfarag/Ragboard = High Quality
Lesson 9 : 10.5.2010 - Copyright Law and the Photographer
Lesson 9 : 10.5.2010
Copyright Law and the Photographer
Powerpoint pressentation and talk on the copright laws that effect photographers.
Website: Australian Copy Right Council
Learnt a lot of information that i believe will become more relevant as we move into the workforce as a photographer. The most interesting thing that I found was that the Copyright length of protection is the life of the creator plus 70 years.
Copyright Law and the Photographer
Powerpoint pressentation and talk on the copright laws that effect photographers.
Website: Australian Copy Right Council
Learnt a lot of information that i believe will become more relevant as we move into the workforce as a photographer. The most interesting thing that I found was that the Copyright length of protection is the life of the creator plus 70 years.
Lesson 8 : 3.5.2010 - Maximum Lens Aperture
Lesson 8 : 3.5.2010 - Maximum Lens Aperture
Maximum Lens Aperture
- How large the hole opens
- Figure is shown on the lens
- Ratio 1:1.4 = Max Aperture Diameter : Lens Focal Length
eg. If lens focal length = 50mm the max aperture would be 1:4 and the aperture diameter would be 35.7
- For every 1mm of aperture diameter there is 1:4mm of focal length.
Relative Lens Apertrue - Each f number is related to the lens focal length
f2 on a 25mm lens has aperture diameter of 12.5mm
f2 on a 50mm lens has aperture diameter of 25mm
f2 on a 100mm lens has aperture diameter of 50mm
Lens Aberations is an optical error
- no lens is perfect
- many aberrations can be corrected by inducing
- alternative errors in the lens
- some errors are welcomed - soft focus lens
Why do aberrations exist?
- light is bent or refracted as it passes through glass
- amount of refraction varies with wavelength of light
- different wavelengths do not focus at same point
Chromatic Aberration (Colour)
- light passing through glass is dispersed into its colours
- axial (logitudinal) and transverse (lateral)
- common in long and wide lenses
- addition of flourite in glass reduces this
Coma
- an off-axis spherical aberration creating cone shaped points
- stopping down can slightly reduce effect
- can be reduced through deliberate use of other aberrations
Astigmatism
- off-axis aberration causing vertical and horizontal lines to to be focused in two different planes
- reduced slightly by stopping down
Maximum Lens Aperture
- How large the hole opens
- Figure is shown on the lens
- Ratio 1:1.4 = Max Aperture Diameter : Lens Focal Length
eg. If lens focal length = 50mm the max aperture would be 1:4 and the aperture diameter would be 35.7
- For every 1mm of aperture diameter there is 1:4mm of focal length.
Relative Lens Apertrue - Each f number is related to the lens focal length
f2 on a 25mm lens has aperture diameter of 12.5mm
f2 on a 50mm lens has aperture diameter of 25mm
f2 on a 100mm lens has aperture diameter of 50mm
Lens Aberations is an optical error
- no lens is perfect
- many aberrations can be corrected by inducing
- alternative errors in the lens
- some errors are welcomed - soft focus lens
Why do aberrations exist?
- light is bent or refracted as it passes through glass
- amount of refraction varies with wavelength of light
- different wavelengths do not focus at same point
Chromatic Aberration (Colour)
- light passing through glass is dispersed into its colours
- axial (logitudinal) and transverse (lateral)
- common in long and wide lenses
- addition of flourite in glass reduces this
Coma
- an off-axis spherical aberration creating cone shaped points
- stopping down can slightly reduce effect
- can be reduced through deliberate use of other aberrations
Astigmatism
- off-axis aberration causing vertical and horizontal lines to to be focused in two different planes
- reduced slightly by stopping down
Sunday, May 2, 2010
Lesson 7 : 19.4.2010 - Lens Types
Lesson 7: 19.4.2010
Lens Types
Wide Angle Lens: a wide-angle lens refers to a lens whose focal length is substantially shorter than the focal length of a normal lens for the image size produced by the camera, whether this is dictated by the dimensions of the image frame at the film plane for film cameras or dimensions of the photosensor for digital cameras.Longer lenses magnify the subject more, apparently compressing distance and (when focused on the foreground) blurring the background because of their shallower depth of field. Wider lenses tend to magnify distance between objects while allowing greater depth of field.
Zoom Lens: A zoom lens is a mechanical assembly of lens elements with the ability to vary its focal length (and thus angle of view), as opposed to a fixed focal length (FFL) lens.
Long Focus:
Telephoto Lens:
Retro Focus Lens:
Quashi Fish Eye Lens:
Fish Eye Lens:
Catadioptric:
Macro:
Teleconverter:
Supplementary or Close Up Lens:
PC or Tilt Shift Lens:
Lens Types
Wide Angle Lens: a wide-angle lens refers to a lens whose focal length is substantially shorter than the focal length of a normal lens for the image size produced by the camera, whether this is dictated by the dimensions of the image frame at the film plane for film cameras or dimensions of the photosensor for digital cameras.Longer lenses magnify the subject more, apparently compressing distance and (when focused on the foreground) blurring the background because of their shallower depth of field. Wider lenses tend to magnify distance between objects while allowing greater depth of field.
Zoom Lens: A zoom lens is a mechanical assembly of lens elements with the ability to vary its focal length (and thus angle of view), as opposed to a fixed focal length (FFL) lens.
Long Focus:
Telephoto Lens:
Retro Focus Lens:
Quashi Fish Eye Lens:
Fish Eye Lens:
Catadioptric:
Macro:
Teleconverter:
Supplementary or Close Up Lens:
PC or Tilt Shift Lens:
Lesson 6 : 29.3.2010 - Light Meters & Incandescent Studio Lighting Equipment
Lesson 6 : 29.3.2010
Light Meters & Incandescent Studio Lighting Equipment
Sensor Array Size
Tungsten Lighting
Light Meters & Incandescent Studio Lighting Equipment
Sensor Array Size
Tungsten Lighting
Lesson 5 : 22.3.2010 - Exposure, Sensors and Image Capture
Lesson 5 : 22.3.2010
Exposure, Sensors and Image Capture
Exposure, Sensors and Image Capture
Sunday, March 14, 2010
Lesson 4 : 15.3.2010 - Shutter Speed, Aperture and D.O.F
Lesson 4 : 15.3.2010
Shutter Speed, Aperture and D.O.F
The Ideal Shutter Should
- expose each part of the film/sensor equally and simultaneously
- be silent in operation
- be vibration free
- little effort to set in motion
- effective exposure should be repeatable
Focal Plane Shutter
- flash should only operate when shutter is fully open
- flash synchronisation is therefore limited
- In order to achieve very fast speeds the second curtain is released soon after the first to follow it across the shutter window or gate as a slit
Between The Lens or Leaf shutter
- maximum speed of 500th sec due to mechanical limitations
- synchronises with electronic flash at ALL speeds
- most medium format cameras
- accuracy is affected at high speeds and when particular apertures are chosen
- shutter opens and closes at the same rate regardless of shutter speed chosen
- shorter time to uncover a small aperture
- longer time to uncover a large aperture
Depth of Field Definition
The region of acceptably sharp focus around a subject position, extending toward the camera and away from it, from the plane of sharpest focus. The boundaries of depth-of-field are referred to as the near limit (d1) and the far limit (d2).
Controlling D.O.F
Depth of field is increased by:
- using smaller apertures
- using larger subject distances
- using wider angle lenses
Lesson 3 : 1.3.2010 - Exposures
Lesson 3 : 1.3.2010 - Exposures
Today's lesson taught as a more indepth understanding of exposure as well as how to calculate different apertures and shutter speedsin certain situations.
In-camera exposure calculation
Exposure = Total amount of light used to create an image. This is controlled by shutter speed and lens aperture . The same amount of exposure can be achieved using a variety of combinations
Exposure
The exposure used in any given situations is dependant on the following major factors.
- The ISO setting (film/sensor sensitivity)
- The lighting (level of subject illumination)
- The subject (level of subject reflectance)
- Personal preference
Origins in film sensitivity ratings
film with high sensitivity to light has a high rating
film with low sensitivity to light has a low rating
DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung)
ASA (American Standards Association)
ISO (International Standards Organisation)
- High level of illumination allows the use of faster shutter speeds and smaller lens apertures
- Low level of illumination allows the use of slower shutter speeds and wider lens apertures and may also require the use of a tripod.
Camera uses a reflected exposure meter
measures light reflected from the subject
calibrated to ALWAYS render the subject as a MID-TONE
auto or manual results in same rendering
white subject = mid tone rendering
mid-tone subject = mid tone rendering
black subject = mid tone rendering
MANUAL exposure measurement allows you to adjust this rendering.
In Camera Exposure Modes
Average - entire field of view is averaged
Evaluative - interprets scene based on data base
Centre Wweighted - majority of measurement in centre
Spot - majority of measurement in small area
Today's lesson taught as a more indepth understanding of exposure as well as how to calculate different apertures and shutter speedsin certain situations.
In-camera exposure calculation
Exposure = Total amount of light used to create an image. This is controlled by shutter speed and lens aperture . The same amount of exposure can be achieved using a variety of combinations
Exposure
The exposure used in any given situations is dependant on the following major factors.
- The ISO setting (film/sensor sensitivity)
- The lighting (level of subject illumination)
- The subject (level of subject reflectance)
- Personal preference
Origins in film sensitivity ratings
film with high sensitivity to light has a high rating
film with low sensitivity to light has a low rating
DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung)
ASA (American Standards Association)
ISO (International Standards Organisation)
- High level of illumination allows the use of faster shutter speeds and smaller lens apertures
- Low level of illumination allows the use of slower shutter speeds and wider lens apertures and may also require the use of a tripod.
Camera uses a reflected exposure meter
measures light reflected from the subject
calibrated to ALWAYS render the subject as a MID-TONE
auto or manual results in same rendering
white subject = mid tone rendering
mid-tone subject = mid tone rendering
black subject = mid tone rendering
MANUAL exposure measurement allows you to adjust this rendering.
In Camera Exposure Modes
Average - entire field of view is averaged
Evaluative - interprets scene based on data base
Centre Wweighted - majority of measurement in centre
Spot - majority of measurement in small area
Lesson 2 : 22.2.2010 - History of the Camera
Lesson 2 : 22.2.2010 - History of the Camera
Today's lesson took us through a basic history of the camera. Camera is a latinword meaning vault and obscura means darkness. The camera obscura was originally designed and used as a drawing aid. It has then developed into the camera that we all know and use today.
Brief History
1267 - Roger Bacon writes about the camera obscura from 10th century Arab scholars writings.
1490 - Leonardo Da Vinci describes one in detail
1558 - Giovanni Battista della Porta, suggests it be used as a drawing aid and then went onto install mirrors and a lens to revert the image and make it sharper and brighter.
1557 - First moveable camera obscuras appeared.
1676 - First reflex camera produced.
1685 - First telephoto lens
Light Sensative Materials
There were many significant discoveries from the early 1700’s to the early 1800’s but history records Joseph Niépce as the person responsible for the first permanent camera image, a view from his window in 1826.
This was an 8 hour exposure. - Bitumen of Judea on Pewter
Camera Basics
- light-tight body
- lens to focus the image
- means of capturing the image (film/sensor)
- aperture through which the light passes
- shutter to begin and end the exposure/capture
Aperture
- aperture means hole or opening
- different sized apertures allow exposure to be varied
- when light level is low, a large aperture can be used
- when light level is high, a small aperture can be used
Shutter
- mechanism to begin and end the exposure/capture
- early versions were simply a lens cap
- low light level requires a long exposure
- high light level requires a short exposure
- focal plane or between the lens (BTL/Leaf) variety
Shutter Types
- Focal plane: operates in front of the film ‘at’ the focal plane -
BTL or Leaf: operates inside the lens much like a diaphragm
Blogwork:
Familiarise yourself with your camera.
Canon 40D
- Shutter Speed Range: 30 - 1/8000 sec
- Lens Aperture Range: F1.0 - F91 (dependant on lens)
- Exposure Modes:
• Auto
• Program AE (P)
• Shutter priority AE (Tv)
• Aperture priority AE (Av)
• Manual (M)
• Auto depth-of-field
• Portrait
• Landscape
• Close-up
• Sports
• Night portrait
• Flash off
• Camera user settings 1 *
• Camera user settings 2 *
• Camera user settings 3 *
- ISO Range: 100 - 1600
- The preset white/grey balance:
• Auto
• Daylight
• Shade
• Cloudy
• Tungsten
• Fluorescent
• Flash
• Custom
• Kelvin (2500 * - 10000 K in 100 K steps)
- File Types:
• RAW (.CR2; 14-bit *)
• JPEG (EXIF 2.21) - Fine / Normal
• RAW + JPEG (separate files)
• sRAW (2.5 MP) *
Today's lesson took us through a basic history of the camera. Camera is a latinword meaning vault and obscura means darkness. The camera obscura was originally designed and used as a drawing aid. It has then developed into the camera that we all know and use today.
Brief History
1267 - Roger Bacon writes about the camera obscura from 10th century Arab scholars writings.
1490 - Leonardo Da Vinci describes one in detail
1558 - Giovanni Battista della Porta, suggests it be used as a drawing aid and then went onto install mirrors and a lens to revert the image and make it sharper and brighter.
1557 - First moveable camera obscuras appeared.
1676 - First reflex camera produced.
1685 - First telephoto lens
Light Sensative Materials
There were many significant discoveries from the early 1700’s to the early 1800’s but history records Joseph Niépce as the person responsible for the first permanent camera image, a view from his window in 1826.
This was an 8 hour exposure. - Bitumen of Judea on Pewter
Camera Basics
- light-tight body
- lens to focus the image
- means of capturing the image (film/sensor)
- aperture through which the light passes
- shutter to begin and end the exposure/capture
Aperture
- aperture means hole or opening
- different sized apertures allow exposure to be varied
- when light level is low, a large aperture can be used
- when light level is high, a small aperture can be used
Shutter
- mechanism to begin and end the exposure/capture
- early versions were simply a lens cap
- low light level requires a long exposure
- high light level requires a short exposure
- focal plane or between the lens (BTL/Leaf) variety
Shutter Types
- Focal plane: operates in front of the film ‘at’ the focal plane -
BTL or Leaf: operates inside the lens much like a diaphragm
Blogwork:
Familiarise yourself with your camera.
Canon 40D
- Shutter Speed Range: 30 - 1/8000 sec
- Lens Aperture Range: F1.0 - F91 (dependant on lens)
- Exposure Modes:
• Auto
• Program AE (P)
• Shutter priority AE (Tv)
• Aperture priority AE (Av)
• Manual (M)
• Auto depth-of-field
• Portrait
• Landscape
• Close-up
• Sports
• Night portrait
• Flash off
• Camera user settings 1 *
• Camera user settings 2 *
• Camera user settings 3 *
- ISO Range: 100 - 1600
- The preset white/grey balance:
• Auto
• Daylight
• Shade
• Cloudy
• Tungsten
• Fluorescent
• Flash
• Custom
• Kelvin (2500 * - 10000 K in 100 K steps)
- File Types:
• RAW (.CR2; 14-bit *)
• JPEG (EXIF 2.21) - Fine / Normal
• RAW + JPEG (separate files)
• sRAW (2.5 MP) *
Monday, February 22, 2010
Lesson 1 : 15.2.2010 - Introduction
Photography Technology Lesson 1 15.2.2010
First lesson consisted of a basic overview of the course. We learnt what equipment we will require as well as useful websites to find the necessary equipment. This included a DSLR, light meter (which I still need to get) a versatile lens to minimize chance of dust getting into the camera and programs such as Photoshop and lightroom. If anyone still needs a good website to find equipment visit hksupplies.com. I found it to be quite helpful =]
Tamara
First lesson consisted of a basic overview of the course. We learnt what equipment we will require as well as useful websites to find the necessary equipment. This included a DSLR, light meter (which I still need to get) a versatile lens to minimize chance of dust getting into the camera and programs such as Photoshop and lightroom. If anyone still needs a good website to find equipment visit hksupplies.com. I found it to be quite helpful =]
Tamara
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